Once you’ve taken that first step and chosen the first formula (or if you’re switching to your 5th formula) it’s critical to prepare and store the baby formula the right way. No matter if you’re using powdered, liquid concentrate, or ready-to-use formula, you need to follow certain steps to to safely prepare baby formula.

This is especially true if you start formula from birth before their immune system has matured a bit more.

Preparing powdered baby formula

Powdered formula is a cost-effective and flexible option, but it requires accurate mixing to ensure your baby receives the right nutrients.

Step-by-step instructions

1. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before preparing the formula.
2. Sterilize bottles, nipples, and rings before use, especially for newborns and young infants.
3. Boil water to sterilize it, then let it cool to at least 158°F (70°C) to ensure it’s still hot enough to kill any bacteria in the powder. Then, allow it to cool to a safe feeding temperature.
4. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the correct amount of water and formula powder. Use the scoop provided in the formula packaging for accurate measurement.
5. Add water to the bottle first, then add the powdered formula. This helps ensure a more accurate mixture.
6. Cap the bottle and shake well to dissolve the powder completely.

Tips for correct water-to-powder ratio

• Never deviate from the prescribed water-to-powder ratio unless advised by your healthcare provider.
• Using too much water can dilute essential nutrients, while too little water can overload your baby’s kidneys and cause dehydration.

Preparing concentrated baby formula

Concentrated liquid formula is less messy than powdered formula and requires mixing with water.

Mixing instructions

1. Clean and sterilize all feeding equipment.
2. Shake the formula container well before opening it.
3. Mix equal parts of concentrated formula and boiled, cooled water in the bottle. Always refer to the product’s instructions for the correct ratio.
4. Secure the nipple and cap on the bottle and shake well to ensure the formula and water are thoroughly mixed.

Water quality and quantity considerations

• Use water that’s safe to drink. If you’re concerned about water quality, consider using bottled or filtered water.
• Measure carefully to maintain the nutritional balance of the formula.

Preparing ready-to-feed formula

Ready-to-feed formula is the most convenient option, requiring no mixing or measuring.

How to serve

1. Shake the formula container well.
2. Pour the necessary amount into a sterilized bottle.
3. Warm the formula by placing the bottle in a container of warm water. Avoid using a microwave, as it can create hot spots that might burn your baby’s mouth.

Storage tips for unused portions

• Once opened, cover and refrigerate the unused portion of ready-to-feed formula immediately.
• Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for how long the formula is safe to use after opening, typically within 48 hours.
• Discard any formula left in the bottle after feeding, as saliva can mix with the formula and promote bacterial growth.

Hygiene and safety

Ensuring hygiene and safety is paramount when preparing baby formula. Proper sterilization of baby formula accessories and maintaining a clean preparation area are crucial steps to prevent infections and promote the health of your baby. 

I recommend getting a little formula station set up in your kitchen counter somewhere. If you’ve got older kids, you can even get them involved and treat this area like a full blown science experiment. Get the white coats and everything. 

Sterilizing baby formula accessories

Sterilization of bottles, nipples, rings, and any feeding equipment is essential to eliminate harmful bacteria that could make your baby sick.

Methods for sterilizing bottles and nipples

Boiling

• Place bottles, nipples, and accessories in a large pot, cover them with water, and bring to a boil. Boil for at least 5 minutes. Use a pair of clean tongs to remove items and allow them to air dry.

Steam Sterilizing

• Use an electric steam sterilizer or a microwave steam sterilizer bag following the manufacturer’s instructions. Ensure that the bottles and accessories are fully disassembled.

Cold Water Sterilizing

• Use a sterilizing solution or tablets in cold water. Submerge all items completely, making sure there are no air bubbles trapped inside. Leave the items in the solution for at least 30 minutes, or as long as the manufacturer recommends.

Frequency of sterilization

• For newborns and young infants: Sterilize feeding equipment before every use to protect their developing immune systems.
• For older infants: You may not need to sterilize equipment as frequently. However, thorough cleaning after each use is still essential. Continue regular sterilization based on your baby’s health and the advice of your healthcare provider.

Maintaining a clean preparation area

A clean preparation area is vital to prevent contamination and ensure the safety of baby formula feeding. 

Best practices for cleanliness

• Before handling baby formula or feeding accessories, wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If you’re anything like me, once you start counting to 20 while washing, you’ll quickly realize that you’ve probably only been washing your hands for like 5 seconds your entire life. 
• Use hot, soapy water or a disinfectant to clean countertops, sinks, and any areas where formula preparation takes place. Ensure the area is dry before beginning formula preparation.
• After sterilizing, ensure all items are completely dry before use. Store them in a clean, covered area until needed.

Avoiding contamination

• Open formula containers only when necessary and reseal them tightly after use.
• Follow the “first in, first out” rule: Use the oldest formula first to ensure it does not expire. Check expiration dates regularly and discard any formula past its use-by date.
• Avoid touching the inside of bottles or nipples with your fingers. Use clean, sterilized utensils to handle formula and water.
• Store formula correctly: Adhere to storage instructions for both prepared and unprepared formula. Keep prepared formula in the refrigerator if not used immediately and discard any that is unused after 24 hours.

Storage guidelines

Proper storage of baby formula is crucial to ensure it remains safe and nutritious for your baby. Incorrect storage can lead to spoilage or contamination, which can harm your baby’s health. Here are comprehensive guidelines for storing both prepared baby formula and unopened/opened containers of formula.

I can’t stress enough how much having a little formula station helps keep things organized, clean and safe in the early days if you’re 100% formula feeding. Get in a rhythm and stick with it. 

Storing prepared baby formula

Refrigeration guidelines

• After preparing baby formula, cool it quickly to prevent bacterial growth. If not used immediately, store it in the back of the refrigerator where it’s coldest.
• Keep your refrigerator at or below 40°F (4°C) to ensure the prepared formula stays safe.
• Store prepared formula in the refrigerator for no more than 24 hours. The countdown starts from the moment you finish preparing it.

Recognizing spoiled formula

• Spoiled formula often has an unusual smell, color, or texture. If you notice any off-putting signs, discard the formula immediately. Believe me, I know formula ain’t cheap but I’d much rather lose a little money than have to deal with a sick baby. 
• If you’re unsure, you can taste a small amount of the formula. Spoiled formula may have a sour or unpleasant taste.
• If the baby starts feeding but does not finish the bottle, discard the remaining formula within 1 hour. Do not store it for later use.

Storing unopened and opened containers

Shelf life and expiration dates

• Powdered formula typically remains safe for use within one month after opening, but you should always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations. 
• For liquid concentrate or ready-to-feed formulas, refer to the product’s instructions for the safe use period after opening, usually within 48 hours when refrigerated.
• Always check the expiration date on the formula packaging before purchase and use. Do not use formula past this date.

Optimal storage conditions

• Store unopened formula containers in a cool, dry place. Avoid extreme temperatures. The pantry or a kitchen cabinet away from the stove, oven, or other heat sources is ideal.
• Once opened, tightly seal the formula container and keep it in a dry, cool place. For liquid formulas, store the opened bottle or can in the refrigerator and ensure it’s properly covered.
• Avoid contamination: Use clean, dry utensils to scoop powdered formula. For liquids, pour the amount you need and close the container immediately.

Common mistakes to avoid

Preparing baby formula may seem straightforward, but certain common mistakes can compromise the safety and nutritional value of the formula. Being aware of these pitfalls and knowing how to avoid them is crucial for the health and well-being of your baby.

Incorrect measurements and proportions

• Using inappropriate tools for measurement: Always use the scoop provided with the formula or measuring tools specifically designed for this purpose. Kitchen spoons are not standardized and can lead to incorrect measurements.
• Incorrect water-to-formula ratio: Adding too much water dilutes essential nutrients, potentially leading to nutritional deficiencies. Conversely, too little water can overload your baby’s kidneys and may cause dehydration. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions precisely.
• Not leveling the scoop: After scooping the formula, level it off with a knife or the built-in leveler (if provided) to ensure you’re not adding too much.

Improper storage practices

• Never leave prepared formula at room temperature for more than one hour to prevent bacterial growth. If not used within this time frame, store it in the refrigerator and use it within 24 hours.
• Discard any formula that your baby didn’t finish within an hour of starting the feeding. Saliva mixed with the formula can breed bacteria, making it unsafe for later use.
• Once opened, powdered formula containers should be tightly sealed and stored in a cool, dry place. Liquid concentrate and ready-to-feed formulas should be refrigerated and used within the guidelines provided by the manufacturer, typically within 48 hours.

Overlooking expiration dates

• Always check the expiration date before using a formula. Expired formula can lose its nutritional quality and may even become unsafe to consume.
• Opened formula has a limited shelf life. Powdered formula is usually safe to use within one month after opening, but this can vary by brand. Always note the date you opened it and ensure it’s used within the manufacturer’s recommended timeframe.

Understanding formula labels and nutrition facts

When it comes to selecting baby formula, the first step is deciphering the nutrition label. All formulas are required by law to contain a certain level of nutrients, ensuring your baby gets the necessary vitamins and minerals for healthy growth. However, beyond these standards, formulas can vary widely in their ingredient composition and nutritional enhancements. 

Wrapping up

Selecting and preparing baby formula involves understanding key nutrients, interpreting label terms, and adhering to preparation and storage guidelines. By avoiding common mistakes and prioritizing hygiene and safety, you can ensure your baby receives nutritious and safe feedings.